# Combinatorics

 1. (47 p.) Bob is making partitions of $$10$$, but he hates even numbers, so he splits $$10$$ up in a special way. He starts with $$10$$, and at each step he takes every even number in the partition and replaces it with a random pair of two smaller positive integers that sum to that even integer. For example, $$6$$ could be replaced with $$1+5$$, $$2+4$$, or $$3+3$$ all with equal probability. He terminates this process when all the numbers in his list are odd. The expected number of integers in his list at the end can be expressed in the form $$\frac{m}{n}$$, where $$m$$ and $$n$$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $$m+n$$.

 2. (22 p.) We are given an unfair coin. When the coin is tossed, the probability of heads is 0.4. The coin is tossed 10 times. Let $$a_n$$ be the number of heads in the first $$n$$ tosses. Let $$P$$ be the probability that $$a_n/n \leq 0.4$$ for $$n = 1, 2, \dots , 9$$ and $$a_{10}/10 = 0.4$$. Evaluate $$\frac{P\cdot 10^{10}}{24^4}$$.

 3. (3 p.) Let $$S$$ be the set of vertices of a unit cube. Find the number of triangles whose vertices belong to $$S$$.

 4. (5 p.) Let $$S = \{1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34\}$$. Find the sum $$\sum \max(A)$$ where the sum is taken over all 28 two-element subsets $$A$$ of $$S$$.

 5. (20 p.) In a tournament club $$C$$ plays 6 matches, and for each match the probabilities of a win, draw and loss are equal. If the probability that $$C$$ finishes with more wins than losses is $$\frac pq$$ with $$p$$ and $$q$$ coprime $$(q>0)$$, find $$p+q$$.

2005-2018 IMOmath.com | imomath"at"gmail.com | Math rendered by MathJax